Large Numerical Models from a Business Perspective

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Large Numerical Models from a Business Perspective

LNM, a Parallel Universe to LLM

Economics, Finance, Business and Management Business mathematics and systems Applied mathematics Mathematical modelling Maths for engineers

Authors: Srinivas Kilambi, Mahesh Banavar

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Collection: Synthesis Lectures on Technology Management & Entrepreneurship

Language: English

Published by: Springer

Published on: 12th January 2026

Format: LCP-protected ePub

ISBN: 9783032148698


Large Language Models (LLMs) and Their Limitations

Large Language Models (LLMs) have disruptively changed the world of AI for good and their adoption is near universal. However, how many know that they have a big limitation while processing large numerical quantitative business datasets usually found in ERPs as 1000s of tables. LLMs cannot process 100s of spreadsheets or tables at one time and when they try, they either fail to run or generate inaccurate predictions at best.

Introduction to LNMs

The authors of this book propose LNMs or Large Numerical Models as a parallel universe to LLMs. LNMs are designed and built for numerical datasets and they offer some significant advantages over LLMs such as very accurate predictions, no hallucinations, improvement in business outcomes and ability to deliver in a “cold start” environment. LNMs are vertically curated and can run on a CPU as opposed to energy guzzling GPUs or water consuming cooling systems that LLMs need.

Structure and Applications of LNMs

This book introduces LNMs, its underlying structure and SXI. SXI is to LNM as GPT is to LLMs, the underlying core science and technology. The authors also present specific applications of LNMs in healthcare, fintech, wireless, supply chain, marketing campaigns. Finally, the authors introduce their current research area of LLNMs. LLNM combines both LLM and LNM and has significant potential advantages over either LLM or LNMs.

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