India Social Development Report 2023

Introduction

This report highlights that gender inequalities and women's subordination in India are caused by two formidable macro-structures: patriarchy and the exclusion of unpaid work from the macro-economy. Both these structures reinforce each other and negatively impact women's empowerment.

Patriarchy and Unpaid Work

Patriarchy imposes subordination on women and forces a disproportionately higher share of unpaid domestic services and unpaid care onto them. This is unfair and unjust - a violation of basic human rights.

Other Influencing Structures

Other structures like race, religion, and caste cut across these main structures.

Impact of Patriarchy and Unpaid Work

The selected papers in this report show how patriarchy causes gender inequalities in all critical dimensions of women's life, and how unpaid domestic services and unpaid care sustain the macro-economy and its growth.

Pathways to Change

The contributors discuss pathways to integrate unpaid work with the macro-economy such that the strength of patriarchy declines and gender equality is promoted.

Addressing Structural Inequalities

To put it differently, unless the structures are addressed by integrating unpaid work, inequalities cannot be addressed effectively. The report emphasizes that this is the only way to move to real macroeconomics.

Conclusion

The papers have explored pathways to break these structures gradually to achieve gender equality and empower women. Though the path is challenging, it is feasible to reach the goal of pervasive gender equality.