Introduction

This book links Calvinist belief in the Perpetual Assurance of Salvation with self-efficacy for economic success. Certain values are at stake for the success of economic behavior. Since the genesis of modern capitalism, a set of beliefs proper of Calvinism (mainly Predestination but also Beruf, Inner-worldly Asceticism, role of Sects…) was said by Max Weber to cause an anxiety about salvation and generate a propensity to economic success as a sign of election.

Historical Context and Evolution

In order to observe this in action today, it is crucial to consider the evolution that the Protestant ethic went through migrating first in North America and lastly through the Protestant revival of China. Wenzhou is called ‘Jerusalem of China’ for its large Protestant community that is also strongly involved in business. Some scholars already pointed out the presence among those entrepreneurs of this Protestant ethic (Yi Xiang, Boss-Christian…).

Research Methodology and Findings

The data presented in this comparative qualitative study pertain to ethnographic observations, job-shadowing, and interviews done among Chinese Christian and non-Christian entrepreneurs from Wenzhou living in Milan, Italy. The results show with some adjustments the presence of a Chinese-version of the Protestant ethic overlapping with several values proper to the Chinese context (Confucianism, lineage, social network).

Conclusions and Implications

The extension of the study to other cases must be done with caution considering the non-causal justificatory role of the belief. Regardless: successful entrepreneurship involves specific social, cultural, and even religious aspects that move beyond mere business strategies.