Adam Smith's Methodology

Most previous studies of Adam Smith's methodology

with a few exceptions, have placed considerable emphasis on the undeniable influence of Newtonian physics and Humean empiricism.

This book argues that other sources are at least as important

Smith's own didactic rhetoric and the methodological writings of Rene Descartes.

Smith's early career and writings

Smith began his public life in 1748, lecturing on rhetoric in Edinburgh. During this time he also wrote a history of astronomy, tracing its development from the age of mythical thought to Descartes (later incorporating Newton's ideas).

Focus of his History of Astronomy

He was less concerned with the truth value of theories than with their ability to quiet the human imagination by systematically combining numerous phenomena under a few unifying principles.

Lectures on rhetoric and methodological importance

In his lectures on rhetoric, he considered this approach to be the best method of didactic exposition. In both cases, he attached the greatest importance to one of the authors he cited most often between 1748 and 1763, Descartes.

Centrality of Descartes and rhetoric

As such, Descartes and rhetoric were central to the young Smith's thinking prior to the publication of The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Consequently, any methodological examination of Smith's published works must be framed as a question of didactic exposition seen through a Cartesian lens.

Intended audience

This book will appeal particularly to historians of philosophy and economic theory, as well as to scholars of Adam Smith's life and work.