The Depression and the March of Unemployed Men

The depression that began in 1893 caused widespread economic suffering throughout the country and triggered a march of unemployed men from Massillon, Ohio, to Washington, D.C. Known in the press as "Coxey's Army"—led, ironically, by successful businessman Jacob Coxey— the marchers demanded that the federal government create jobs for idled workers. But Coxey's march overshadowed a much larger story.

In late March 1894, other "armies" of the unemployed mobilized on the Pacific Coast and in the Rocky Mountain states to begin their own pilgrimages to the nation's capital. Confronted with distances farther than those covered by European crusaders to the Holy Land, western marchers had to improvise. When railroads refused them or demanded full fare that they didn't have, they commandeered trains. Sometimes they built boats to continue their journeys on one of the major rivers. Alarmed by the possibility of 100,000 unemployed workers converging on the nation's capital, railroad and government officials did everything they could to stop them.

This exhaustively researched history tells the story of these dogged marchers who only wanted to work.