Introduction

This report is intended to provide a brief historical perspective of the evolution of the interacademy program during the past half-century, recognizing that many legacies of the Soviet era continue to influence government approaches in Moscow and Washington and to shape the attitudes of researchers toward bilateral cooperation in both countries.

Changing Character of the Program

Of special interest is the changing character of the program during the age of perestroika (restructuring) in the late 1980s in the Soviet Union.

Activities from 1991 to 2003

To describe in some detail the significant interacademy activities from late 1991, when the Soviet Union fragmented, to mid-2003.

Lessons Learned

And to set forth lessons learned about the benefits and limitations of interacademy cooperation and to highlight approaches that have been successful in overcoming difficulties of implementation.