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Protein'Protein Interactions
Methods and Applications
Introduction
As the mysteries stored in our DNA have been more completely revealed, scientists have begun to face the extraordinary challenge of unraveling the intricate network of protein–protein interactions established by that DNA framework. It is increasingly clear that proteins continuously interact with one another in a highly regulated fashion to determine cell fate, such as proliferation, differentiation, or death.
Functions of Protein–Protein Interactions
These protein–protein interactions enable and exert stringent control over DNA replication, RNA transcription, protein translation, macromolecular assembly and degradation, and signal transduction; essentially all cellular functions involve protein–protein interactions. Thus, protein–protein interactions are fundamental for normal physiology in all organisms.
Implications in Disease
Alteration of critical protein–protein interactions is thought to be involved in the development of many diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancers, and infectious diseases. Therefore, examination of when and how protein–protein interactions occur and how they are controlled is essential for understanding diverse biological processes as well as for elucidating the molecular basis of diseases and identifying potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
Research Approaches
Over the years, many innovative biochemical, biophysical, genetic, and computational approaches have been developed to detect and analyze protein–protein interactions. This multitude of techniques is mandated by the diversity of physical and chemical properties of proteins and the sensitivity of protein–protein interactions to cellular conditions.
