Introduction

The environment comprises of the living and non-living components around us, ranging from air, water, soil to plants and animals. Environmental science and management aims to study the environment and the factors affecting it and maintain the balance between nature and man for sustainable development of the human race.

In view of the importance of environmental science, this subject is now a compulsory part of the syllabus in all schools, universities and other institutions. This book is being prepared by keeping in view the requirement of the students and teachers and besides that it is useful for the general readers as it helps them to increase public awareness and knowledge of environmental issues and challenges.

It makes them aware about their individual actions which affect the environment and also gives a deeper understanding of the environment, inspiring them to take personal responsibility for its preservation and restoration. Hopefully, this book, though not voluminous, yet comprehensive and exhaustive in its totality, would create awareness among all concerned and prove to be a source of enrichment, for the general readers, students and teachers.