This book exploratively reviews and refines the theoretical system of economics with Chinese characteristics and the analytical framework of Chinese path to modernization. This book aims to reveal answers to the three questions: what has the theoretical system of economics with Chinese characteristics inherited and developed? What are the experiences and lessons of all countries’ modernization in the world? What is the universality and particularity of Chinese Path to Modernization? As conclusion, the author draws a clue to understand Chinese path to modernization, which is neither “making up for the lessons” nor a “convergence”, but an “innovation” built upon the general principles of modernization. Its universality lies in the overall patterns and trends of modernization, that is, the consistent process of the country's pursuit of national economic growth and people's prosperity. The distinctiveness of this path lies in the concurrent transformation of Chinese economic system and the institutional innovations with Chinese characteristics that unfold throughout this ongoing economic process.