Introduction

An important human trait is our inclination to develop complex relationships with numerous other species. In the great majority of cases however, these mutualistic relationships involve a pair of species, whose co-evolution has been achieved through behavioral adaptation driving positive selection pressures.

Humans go a step further, opportunistically and, it sometimes seems, almost arbitrarily elaborating relationships with many other species, whether through domestication, pet-keeping, taming for menageries, deifying, pest-control, conserving iconic species, or recruiting as mascots.

Medieval Attitudes to Animals

When we consider medieval attitudes to animals we are tackling a fundamentally human, and distinctly idiosyncratic, behavioral trait.

Scope of the Study

The sixteen papers presented here investigate animals from zoological, anthropological, artistic, and economic perspectives within the context of the medieval world.