In the Axis War on the side of Germany

Mussolini's Italy was responsible for serious war crimes, especially in Yugoslavia and Greece. This dark side of the fascist war, however, is not present in the national memory built after 1945.

To distinguish Italy from the former German ally and avoid a punitive peace, the monarchist and anti-fascist ruling classes elaborated a master narrative that highlighted the opposition of the Italian people to Mussolini's war and the humanitarian behavior of Italian soldiers, depicted as saviors of Jews.

All responsibility for the crimes committed in the Axis war was placed on the shoulders of the Germans, who thus became a convenient alibi for the national conscience.