Introduction

This book presents the latest research advancements in the field of material science, specifically in mechanical, manufacturing, and plant engineering. It includes peer reviewed articles from the 9th International Conference on Mechanical, Manufacturing and Plant Engineering (ICMMPE 2023) held on 16^th November 2023 at The Everly Hotel Putrajaya, Malaysia. The conference showcases cutting-edge research and facilitates knowledge exchange among experts in the field of material science, mechanical engineering and their applications.