This book focuses on understanding Earth’s geology, its mineral resources, their exploration, and management of the environment. There are 3 parts and 12 chapters, and they provide an insight to the students of earth sciences. Part I, consisting of initial four chapters, provides snapshots on the Universe, the Earth, and its internal dynamics, and external geological processes. The mineral resources are covered in Part II with 5 chapters, featuring Earth’s elements, metals, minerals, rocks, and the mineral resources. As they are non-renewable, the importance of their scientific exploration, evaluation, mining, beneficiation, optimum utilization, and adverse impact, safety management, and environment are covered in the last 3 chapters in Part III.