Invasion and Strategic Importance

The invasion was launched to round off Hitler's Balkan Campaign against Crete in May 1941. The island was important to Britain's control of the Eastern Mediterranean, and Churchill was determined that the island would be held.

Forces and Composition

The British garrison was largely made up of New Zealand and Australian troops who had been evacuated from Greece, with little more than what they stood up in. On the other hand, the German commander, Kurt Student, had overwhelming air superiority, which negated the Allied naval superiority.

Battle Dynamics and Outcome

But the Germans had almost fatally underestimated the number of Allied troops. While British, New Zealand, and Australian soldiers showed what they were capable of, the battle for Crete was eventually won through sheer nerve, the confidence of the German soldier in his superiority, and the power of the Luftwaffe. That said, the cost in killed and wounded was such that Hitler would never again contemplate another large airborne operation.